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Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Both during and after his presidential terms, and continuing today, there has been much criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Critics have questioned not only his policies and positions but also charged him with centralizing power in his own hands by controlling both the government and the Democratic party. Many denounced his breaking the no-third-term tradition in 1940. His wife Eleanor Roosevelt and their children came under attack—and so too did his dog Fala.〔George Wolfskill and John Allen Hudson. ''All But the People: Franklin D. Roosevelt and His Critics, 1933-39'' (Macmillan, 1969)〕
By the middle of his second term, much criticism of Roosevelt centered on fears that he was heading toward a dictatorship, by attempting to seize control of the Supreme Court in the Court-packing incident of 1937, attempting to eliminate dissent within the Democratic Party in the South during the 1938 mid-term elections, and by breaking the tradition established by George Washington of not seeking a third term when he again ran for re-election in 1940. As two historians explain, "In 1940, with the two-term issue as a weapon, anti-New Dealers... argued that the time had come to disarm the 'dictator' and to dismantle the machinery."〔Herbert S. Parmet and Marie B. Hecht. ''Never Again: A President Runs for a Third Term'' (1968) page x.〕
Long after his death new lines of attack opened to attack his policies regarding helping the Jews of Europe,〔Richard Breitman and Allan J. Lichtman, ''FDR and the Jews'' (2013),〕 incarcerating Japanese Americans on the West Coast,〔Greg Robinson, ''A Tragedy of Democracy: Japanese Confinement in North America'' (2009)〕 and opposing anti-lynching legislation.〔Ira Katznelson, ''Fear Itself: The New Deal and the Origins of Our Time'' (2014)〕
==Rejection by allies==
Numerous allies and appointees turned against FDR, such as Vice President John Nance Garner, Brain truster Raymond Moley, Postmaster General James A. Farley〔Thomas Spencer, "Loyal Democrats: John Cudahy, Jim Farley, and the Politics and Diplomacy of the New Deal Era, 1933-1941," ''Wisconsin Magazine of History'' (Spring 2011) 94#3 pp 2-15〕 and Ambassador Joseph Kennedy.〔Michael R. Beschloss, ''Kennedy and Roosevelt: The Uneasy Alliance'' (1981)〕 Outside the administration prominent supporters who turned against FDR included journalists Walter Lippmann〔F. Krome, "From Liberal Philosophy to Conservative Ideology? Walter Lippmann's Opposition to the New Deal," ''Journal of American Culture'' (Spring 1987) 10#1 pp 57-64,〕 and Frank Kent,.〔Eugene W. Goll, "Frank R. Kent's Opposition to Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal," ''Maryland Historical Magazine,'' (Summer 1968) 63#2 pp 158-171〕 Newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst was a major Roosevelt supporter in 1932, but turned his nationwide media chain against FDR starting in 1934. Historian Charles A. Beard had supported FDR in 1932 but became the leader of isolationist intellectuals who opposed his foreign policy after 1937.〔Robert A. Divine, "Franklin D. Roosevelt and Collective Security, 1933." ''Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' (1961): 42-59. (in JSTOR )〕 Roosevelt in the 1920s had been closely associated with Al Smith, the governor of New York. Roosevelt defeated Smith for the 1932 nomination, and Smith became the leader of the Liberty League of prominent businessmen opposing the New Deal.〔Jordan A. Schwarz, "Al Smith in the Thirties." ''New York History'' (1964): 316-330. (in JSTOR )〕 After Pearl Harbor FDR rejected the possibility of major war jobs for any of these men except Lewis Douglas〔Kelly McMichael Stott, "FDR, Lewis Douglas, and the Raw Deal," ''Historian'' (Fall 2000) 63#1 pp 105-19〕 and Dean Acheson.〔Robert Beisner, ''Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War'' (2006) ch 1〕 Some appointees privately turned against the New Deal but kept quiet and stayed in the jobs, such as ambassador Claude Bowers.〔Thomas T. Spencer, "'Old' Democrats and New Deal Politics: Claude G. Bowers, James A. Farley, and the Changing Democratic Party, 1933-1940" ''Indiana Magazine of History'' (1996) 92#1 pp: 26-45. (in JSTOR )〕
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